Sigmund Freud
When faced with the literary work the first problem confronts us as readers with some preparation, is perhaps the fact and deal with it. And if we are related to the dynamic depth that it establishes in the reader, we ask that proposed by analysis of the critique will be the most appropriate time to decipher and discover the network you build. Hence, this blog space of the Department of Castilian, and Latin Literature opens today with Psicocrítica, with its various contributions yields interesting ways to approach the writer and his world, whether narrative, poetic, dramatic or essay. Therefore, contemplate the ideas presented by experts in the chosen theory. Among them, the Viennese physician Sigmund Freud, the Swiss physician Carl Gustav Jung, the literary critic Northrop Frye, the French phenomenologist Gaston Bachelard and the doctor (psychoanalyst, like the first two) Jacques Marie Émile Lacan.
As we enter the world of psychoanalysis and psicocrítica, we approach the literary work for a tour of the interior geography of the author and his characters. This allows readers to enter their world and surprised with the network of symbols and images that give life to the literary work. In order to explore the interior geography, literary criticism of the facts presented by the Viennese physician Sigmund Freud (1900), about psychoanalysis, which part of the interpretation of dreams, because it is the field which expresses the unconscious and in that context that generates the world of symbols and pictures, creating multiple plans for Freud, are likely to be interpreted not only from dreams, but also through the literary work. Thus, Freud establishes relationships between the literary and the interior of the writer. Interestingly, these relationships come into play factors such as the self, consciousness, the unconscious and dreams, among others. In turn streaming images and symbols of intimacy that give plasticity to the artistic and literary text. Freud sensed two categories of writers, the narrator and the one poet. The former is more tied to reason and frees the world's second operator which becomes metaphorical images and symbols. You have to narrow that, in general, Freud deals with literary characters and thus raises the possibility of applying psychoanalysis to characters, in order to establish a typology of their conduct and their motives for action. So, for him, there are heroes who carry their guilt (Oedipus), which are considered exceptional (Achilles) and pursued the victory (Arturo / Eneas). However, as described by Freud is extended by Carl considerations Gustav Jung (1932), who unlike the latter states that the relationship of the creator with his work occurs at the level of the collective unconscious where the archetypes as remnants of this sector of the subject is responsible for fostering partnerships between humans and the world from which, acting as forces that govern the creation, as well as his own creator. That is why, if Jung or any of us take as an example of this situation to King Agamemnon, a character in the Iliad the great writer Homer and analyze their behavior, they probably would find the archetypal figure of the power of the center, which seems be a constant that is repeated throughout our cultural history human and that is that every social subject that takes share of power in a community eager to have more, remember to Julius Caesar, Nero, Alexander the Great, Napoleon, Hitler, etc. Returning to our hero, Agamemnon wants to be the best of all kings students Zeus, you want the best slave, the best spoils of war, to avenge the honor of his brother Menelaus recovering his wife Helena and aims to subdue and destroy the city of Troy as a climax, so you can get all your wealth. The archetype of the power of the center grows in character as a kind of spiral structure in compliance with the concent that comes from the unconscious to the outside fully conscious. 
Carl Gustav Jung Complementing this, Jung sees archetypes and symbols as manifestations of a cultural process. Power as part of an archetype, even if it remains in the unconscious of man, writer or character, usually emerge transforming socio-cultural situations.
After Freud and Jung, we have other views on psychoanalysis and psicocrítica. We could say that one of the most interesting is that of Northrop Frye (1957), who reset the archetypal theory under the name of myth criticism. For this reviewer a work of art, including literary, are silent because nothing can say of themselves and because the writer can not say everything that comes into play in its creation .. Frye calls a play for a critical discourse that deals with it. The narrative, poetic, dramatic or essay, the critical need to create a map of the generality of the work. To explain Frye offers a range of possibilities that are handled between sign, meaning and image, taking into account their religious and mythological bases. A myth Northrop Frye, projects around the archetypes and the rite and ritual resembling those temporary beliefs in texts. For this reason, creates a very symbolic analysis scheme, applicable to the literary work and its characters. The associated life cycle with the solar cycle of day and year by proposing a model of the mythical ritual whose central axis is based on the hero. That is, the hero is a privileged to be grandiose actions they perform, but their period or life cycle is short-lived. If we took into account the heroic character Iliad of Homer: Achilles, would say that is a being destined to be a hero, because their life cycle is marked from birth to death, first as the son of a goddess (Thetis) and a mortal (the king Peleus), second term, his early life and later adult life in constant war, which will allow you to meet destination, which is nothing to be a hero and eventually killed by Paris, who closes the cycle of life of Achilles, which wax and wane fatum is a hero to become a myth in culture lit 
western purse.
western purse. Thus, the method of Frye discusses the character and psychological development in the literary work. Bachelard (2000), meanwhile, following the path of other recent critics evaluated streak psicocrítica from psychoanalysis and symbolic element in the literary work. The symbolic management refers to two levels: the dream and the dream. The first level examines how building work as it becomes part of a literary event and the second level relates to making poetry from deep and intimate on the central themes of the novel. Bachelard explores these levels from different areas: air, water, fire and earth, that is the basis of the theory of elementary, forged by the Greek philosophers. From this, revisiting the Iliad might ask: When you dream in the Iliad ? Obviously when the writer Homer, designs and builds and when it reaches the hands of the reader and dream When the Iliad ? When the poet Homer himself on the spaces through of words. For example: Crises off in the beach begging to the gods as punishment for the Achaeans, but it has space background sea, but this is not a common sea and current, is the sound Tues We now see that space as Homer transforms into a musical by the sound of the waves. That begins to create in his writing a symbolic town of descriptive images and metaphors. Finally, we get to Jacques-Marie Émile Lacan (1978), who refers to the literary work is based on records of the imaginary and symbolic. The language of these records, for Lacan, the subject builds on the work of fiction. Reality determines the historical subject, hence the work as fiction within it and also to the history of that part. The symbol image and enhance the subject of fiction and history is happening. In other words, if we as a Homeric hero Achilles, it symbolizes in the fictional ideal of heroism in Greek history and culture: the extraordinary nature of the acts committed by the individual and fly Homer, who is doing the work and himself as a creator of it.
As we have seen to walk through the diverse perspectives of psychoanalysis and psicocrítica, we managed to turn different ways to interpret specific situations of the literary work (in the case of method, related mostly to the characters). Ideally, we know by this column as readers, we have multiple theories and analytical tools that allow us to approach texts with a look of discoverers and explorers of the infinite treasures that their home pages.
Dulce M. Santamaría.
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