Pokemon Soul Silver Rom Patch

In search of national and popular aesthetic

The exhibition " They thought: a tribute to the thought and national commitment" that takes place at the Palais de Glace reveals a historical and ideological powerhouse of intellectuals persecuted, demonized and none that " questioned the established order of a dependent Argentina and we proposed the construction of a different country, "as reads the program.


One of the best posters

The circular route, latent images of Evita Peron to Nestor and Cristina Kirchner, Jauretche, Scalabrini Ortiz, Rodolfo Walsh, Mugica and Discépolo, among others. Undoubtedly, this selection of figures in art, journalism, politics and literature has attracted controversy when attempting the futile search for objectivity, as did the criticism of Clarin and La Nacion.

However, the meaning of this sample is not only claim these figures plunged into the darkness of the education system and media, but also rebuild kirchnerismo the ideology of dissimilar historical contexts. This brings new challenges heirs of a cultural battle that continues in time.

In this regard, and as a result of this new movement, it does not appear an aesthetic identity of the messages. Many may argue that this is a minor issue, but the flaw in the communication power of Kirchner led to sharp questioning the policies of state. And how dangerous the use of codes of pop, is the trivialization of national thought and its representatives.

is urgent therefore to generate a new national aesthetic so popular as the content of messages. This is not impossible. Recall the role of the arts activist Ricardo Carpani, with shapes and themes that fell under the European categories, precisely because this is it: to think from ourselves, from the particularity of the local.
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But Carpani was built in another Argentina, where coups were recurrent episodes and each time more intense. This time differs from the actors and the type of violence being committed, more subtle, more enforcement, more effective. And the battlefield are the media and the discourses they circulate, with the advantage of access to the production and dissemination of content (with limitations, but much lower than at other times).

Today, Kirchner has renewed militancy, with strong knowledge of new technologies and less committed to the "sacred word" of media conglomerates, but it needs to articulate a wealth of thought and in that role, the show They thought is strategically effective. In this regard, an educative action is perfect, including the addition of a sales stand in these books or the reproduction of films and documentaries for Channel Meeting extends its educational impact. It is strange then, as from the Ministry of Culture decided this pop aesthetic that celebrates mass production and not the uniqueness of the national. Perhaps we see a building just put the first bricks.

http://www.ellospensaron.com.ar/

Until 10 April, Tuesday to Sunday from 12 to 21hs. Palais de Glace, CABA
Free admission

ZN

Blood Vessel Burst In Eye

Shakespearean Drama

Einar Goyo Ponte

William Shakespeare was born on April 23, 1564. Six years ago Elizabeth I of England has been crowned the reins and lead this nation, a rival of the English Empire of Philip II. Never marry and rule in a male environment formed by Protestant priests, nobles, diplomats and pirates.

Shakespeare's contemporary Francis Bacon, Lope de Vega and Christopher Marlowe, who shared and played theaters and arguments for their works in English drama then.

In 1582 he married Anne Hathaway. Five years later comes to London to seek work in the theaters of the capital. At that time running to Mary Stuart, pretender to the throne of England for being the daughter of Henry VIII to Catherine of Aragon and advocate for English Catholics. The decapitated.

Elizabeth I

In 1590, he began writing the series of historical plays about Henry VI. Shakespeare devoted to the history of his country several important works: Henry VI, Richard II, Richard III, Henry IV, Henry V, Henry VIII and The Story of King Juan . Of them are important Richard II and Richard III , by the contrast between them: the latter is a sacrificial king, defeated, which preserves the nobility until the end, while the other is one of the first and most unique villains Shakespearean, or Duvignaud the lists, criminal or anomic personalities. Prince Richard II is a deformed, cowardly, scheming, cruel, to murder, slander and torture to gain power, a striking portrait of what would be a full implementation of the Machiavellian doctrine book Prince. It also highlights Henry V (Henry V), which describes the warrior king who discovers the values \u200b\u200bof service and responsibility to its people, hours before going into battle.

In 1592, he wrote the first of his great comedies: The Comedy of Errors . The following are among the most important Love's Labours Lost, Dream of a Summer Night, The Merchant of Venice, Much Ado About Nothing, As You Like It, The Merry Wives of Windsor, The Taming of the Shrew, Twelfth Night, The storm. are common to the majority of them intrigues and numerous love affairs such as Hermia and Lysander, Helena and Demetrius. Thus we have the trio of couples Love's Labours Lost, The Merchant of Venice, Much Ado About Nothing, The Merry Wives of Windsor, The Taming of the Shrew and Twelfth Night. They also highlight the charming wit and intelligence of the heroines.

Shylock and Jessica in The Merchant of Venice

These include the Portia of The Merchant , without whose intervention would not be resolved happily conflict principal. The Beatrice of Much Ado rivals the ingenuity of her partner Benedict, with traces of cynicism and pre-feminism, as well as hover in the Catalina The Taming of the Shrew, which exposes a fierce battle of the sexes, with triumph women using the artifice of the theater within the theater, Shakespearean dialectic of being and seeming, which, in Twelfth Night disturbing peaks acquired by proposing an exchange of sex: Viola, the heroine must pretend to be saved and so man seduces his partner and rival in love, Orsino is hurt while being attracted to a man who is actually Viola in disguise. In The Merry Wives of Windsor Four women joined their wits to defend her marriage to harassment professional seducer infatuated Sir John Falstaff, one of the most unique and great characters of Shakespeare. Appears in one of the historical dramas and revives in this comedy in which he plays wit sensual, appetite, lust, cynicism, Blithe Spirit and that very important element in Shakespeare: the awareness of the theatrical. That is, characters whose psychologies, avatars and developments lead them to discover the illusory nature of the world or reality and to express the paradoxical notion that this is a form of theater, another version, a little more concrete, but also fleeting, of fiction. "All in the world is fun. The man is a born fool, "says Falstaff in the epilogue of The Merry Wives . In this quasi-philosophical conception of the theatrical impulse arises undoubtedly Shakespearean gender mixing, the tragic and the comic, the ridiculous to the sublime, the grotesque heroic. So two of these comedies inhabited by two of the most formidable Shakespearean villains: the powerful Shylock The Merchant of Venice , vengeful Jewish moneylender, cruel tyrant of his daughter, who uses the financial misfortune of Antonio, the Venetian merchant to collect old insults that lead to the brink of death, the relentless pressure of the Jew; the other is the Don Juan de Much Ado About Nothing , who, jealous of Don Pedro, an intriguing plot that harms an innocent and almost undoes all the joy of loving couples in history. Another common feature of almost every game is the "play within a play" which in Shakespeare is not limited to design a representation within the representation, but to reveal the characters somehow know fictionalized, representing "roles" in the great drama that is life, we are able to change and to assume various disguises for the various acts required to represent human life. So the parties make sense Love's Labours Lost, costumes and proof of genius that Portia's late father imposed on his daughter's suitors, and false trial lawyer (Portia in disguise) which saves Antonio and condemning Shylock in The Merchant , with the same resource beat Don Juan in Much Ado and Falstaff in The Merry Wives, and the resource is left for Viola to find her twin brother Sebastian in Twelfth Night .

Hamlet

1595 is the year of commencement of his great tragedies, dramas most represented in literature. Everything starts with Romeo and Juliet , exaltation of youthful love victimized by hatred between families and random traps. Also the use of theater emerges in this book, it should pretend dead Juliet to meet her lover, beyond the fate of Verona. In 1600 comes Hamlet, for many his most haunting and enigmatic character in Shakespearean gallery. Is a teenager, the ghost of his father to claim seeks revenge against her mother and brother, who was murdered. To carry out its mission fakes crazy in the late implementation of revenge / justice perpetrators die and innocent in huge quantities: Ophelia, Hamlet's beloved, who is crazy about his father's death at the hands of her boyfriend, who mistook him for his wicked uncle, Laertes, the brother of that, in deadly duel against the hero , Gertrude, Hamlet's mother, Claudius, his uncle and usurper of the throne, and Hamlet himself. Meanwhile there is the unresolved enigma of whether Hamlet is really mad or not, as also occurs in Titus Andronicus (1593-1594), a precursor to tragedy. It also shares with it the theme of revenge, and obsessive detail of the play within a play. Hamlet, which makes the "paper" crazy, mounted a play that plays the murder of his father to induce his mother and his uncle the whistle at her. How many fictions can fit into a fiction? Jorge Luis Borges draws our attention to this in his essay "Magic partial Quixote."

After come Othello (1604?), Whose protagonist is a Muslim as Aaron Titus but unlike noble one, but manipulated to the real crime Aaron reverb, another formidable villains from Shakespeare: Iago. As Aaron, takes evil as original nature, like him, never arrepiente y vence espantosamente sobre sus víctimas. Son personajes donde se concentran las figuras de la anomia y de la personalidad criminal de las que habla Duvignaud. Su moral, su sistema de valores –si es que existen- son absolutamente distintos y otros de los nuestros (o al menos de sus espectadores y compañeros en escena); Rey Lear (1606), otro gran loco shakesperiano, otro gran padre desmesuradamente equivocado, como Tito, signados por una hybris particular que vuelve a poner la anomia en el ruedo, la cual los destruye sin misericordia. Al lado de Lear hay dos personajes enormes: la hija noble, víctima de su padre y del destino, Cordelia, que nos recuerda a la mutilada Lavinia de Titus, y Edmundo, otro hermano Iago and Aaron, destructive, false, intriguing, who uses the appeal of theater for his benefit. There is a theme that ties these "are not what they seem." They are actors, fiction, costumes that deceive their fellows. Edmundo knows no repentance. Nor can know Macbeth (1609-1910), who however, Shakespeare gives you something you do not have their brothers consciousness. Here the soulless, despicable, anomic is his wife, Lady Macbeth, accomplice or author of countless crimes to obtain and retain power. Macbeth has something that sets him apart from his fellow villains: it's almost invincible or superhuman. They must come into play omens, magic, The gloom in order to defeat him. Evil as a real power that has as much or more chance of winning the good cry is what it seems Macbeth. If it were not back the "theatricality" is superimposed. When you see that everything is against him, Macbeth discovers that life, the world, the promises, the prophecies of the witches, the power are ghosts, fleeting and vain illusions. "Life is a tale told by an idiot, full of sound and fury, signifying nothing." It is ominous version of the final phrase of Falstaff, now at the mouth of Macbeth.

In Winter's Tale (1613) find other work where tragedy and comedy go hand in hand. Othello is in it an even more delusional and dangerous as it needs no Iago who incites jealousy, King Leontes, there are many innocent victims, a daughter scorned, exile, regret and even a wonderfully moving theater scene (in the Shakespearean philosophical ideological sense) of resurrection.

End of the cycle is Storm (1611), with Prospero, the last great Shakespearean father, and the last role that Shakespeare represented on stage, who assisted of the magic that change roles, appearances, feigns death and resurrection, holds a singular revenge against his brother, who has banished years ago. Another daughter, as Lavinia, Juliet, Hermia, Cordelia and Portia: Miranda, who was to return in his throne, makes Prospero, his father, weave the fabric of all we will be spectators, while Prospero / Shakespeare writes , through two magical figures, a light and air, clever and effective, such as Puck's Dream A Midsummer Night's called Ariel, and a slow, earthy, lascivious, governed by his instincts, he tried to rape Miranda, and which Prospero punishes him by submitting to their wishes. It's Caliban a late and more awkward son of Aaron, Iago or Edmund. In the middle are the human characters, almost unreal, moved to the breath of Prospero's discretion, almost shadows, like fairies and supernatural beings of Oberon and Titania subjects, or as fauns, nymphs and fairies fake Merry Wives of Windsor. Prospero / Shakespeare says near the end of the work: "We made the same tow dreams." An interesting exercise: compare the bridal Puck and Prospero in Dream and The Tempest . Without forgetting that the parliament of Prospero is the last William Shakespeare declaimed in a theater.

Cuando dice: “Ahora quedan rotos mis hechizos, y me veo reducido a mis propias fuerzas, que son pocas. Ahora, en verdad, podrías confinarme aquí o remitir a Nápoles. No me dejéis, ya que he recobrado mi ducado y perdonado al traidor en esta desierta isla por vuestro sortilegio, sino libradme de mis ataduras, con la ayuda de sus manos. Que un leve soplo de vuestro aliento llene mis velas, o sucumbirá mi propósito, que era agradaros. Ahora carezco de espíritus que me ayuden, de arte para encantar, y mi fin no tendrá esperanza, a menos que se alivie con su plegaria, la cual es de tal fuerza que seduce a la piedad misma, y absuelve de todas las faltas. Así vuestros pecados obtendrán forgiveness, and with your indulgence will my acquittal, "we may be reading or listening to your own will.

What Are The Muscles Being Used For Shot Put

CHARACTERS AND THEATRE ON AGE AND ECCENTRIC

Einar Goyo Ponte

Duvignaud Jean, in his book Sociology Theater, invites us to this reflection: "Is it not surprising to find that tragic heroes of this period (the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries) are not individuals in the modern sense of the word maladjusted characters but because the act itself that them individually? Leading a frantic Tamerlane devastation to the four corners of the world and challenging the Gods dies, the Doctor Faustus it intends to dominate the cosmos and the laws that condemn life and death, time and space, the hero of Ruffian Cervantes happy playing Holiness or Hell to face and cross Alice Faversham that obsessed with sensuality and crime kills her husband to protect a comedy destination, Richard III, whom the anguish of power leads to the limits of humanity fated Hamlet believes that, despite his natural apathy, to avenge a father killed, there are individuals in the modern sense of the word moral. Apart from some characters of kings, like Henry V he discovers along the work, the sense of responsibility, on the other hand, still dominated by traditional concepts of sovereign responsibility for the protection of his subjects), there is no hero of this drama not received their individuality as an evil, suffering, a curse, and whose peculiarities do not result from a random aberration of a will, a crime, an exaggeration exalted, to delirium, insanity or disaster . Hamlet is like the symbol of that damn embodiment, a shadow caster has suggested his "vocation." A touch him obey and separate from the rest of men, maul itself same common part that you drown, if yield, in the collective wave. The whisper of a ghost has made him a man apart.

All characters in the theater of the English Golden Age, Elizabethan and Jacobean theater, are doomed to suffering and misfortune causes of their own individuation. The anxious demonstration of "freedom", it seems that separation is suffering and their individuality is the sign of a mockery or a curse. All of them are strangers accepted standards, either because they can not give them their membership, or because they seem absurd or illusory. All of them are atypical characters, heretics. "

Why these characters misfits recurrence, atypical, heretics, and two theaters, which at the time were very little contact? The same Duvignaud we noted that a good part of the criticism is also perceived as the epitome of individuality, and therefore represent the summit of the individual alleged to be the result of the ideals of Renaissance humanism and secular philosophy. But as the questions asked reveal, goes a little further from the assumption of individuality and consciousness of the human as something new and valid to the constant introduction of characters problematic offenders, and even downright criminal, like those mentioned in the list of Duvignaud.

He himself explained using a term from anthropologist Emile Durkheim's anomie. Those characters whose actions seem "manifestations of exaggeration and balance", near the modern "disease" make up "the scene of a period of transition, where phenomena come to represent" change of social equilibrium "(Duvignaud, pag. 161). This is what Durkheim called "anomie."

What was or what was the cause and ways of this imbalance? Some of them we have witnessed in the previous trials with it. The break makes church in England, for example, people had to choose between their old beliefs and doctrine and it imposed the new monarch. An entire tradition of the spiritual void, suddenly, to govern the everyday life of a former believer. This distance between the old value and a new system recently, which nobody knows what rules to follow or what behavior is accepted, causing a disorder: esa es la anomia.

Los católicos querían seguir profesando su fe y su culto como venían haciéndolo desde la Edad Media, pero ya no era posible, al menos no como antes. La Reforma había instalado la duda, la relatividad de la verdad en la mente y el alma del hombre del siglo XVI. Pero tampoco podía olvidarlo todo y abrazar la nueva fe, principalmente porque no la conoce, no sabe qué le pide ésta, ni si podrá, sin mayor perturbación abrazar su nuevo culto. Lo viejo no ha desaparecido, ni ninguno de sus valores, pero el mundo en el cual ellos persisten, ya no es el mismo, y los valores son, por lo menos discutibles. El habitante de esa incómoda transition from the indefinite meanwhile, is the man anomic.

The same applies to science, beliefs, ideas, philosophies, medieval systems are gradually collapsing over two centuries. Today we seem to assume that the Earth is round or that revolves around the sun are like addictions or fans of hard-nosed brats, but it was from the perspective of the man at the time, to modify, with an urgency impossible to assimilate an entire building complex and intertwined values. The same happened with the expansion of the world turned from the Travels of Marco Polo to the expeditions of Magellan. This faced the European contemporary of Erasmus, Luther, Bacon, Charles I, Da Vinci or Michelangelo, with something they have long feared: the other. Our ancestors Mayas, Aztecs or Incas were Caribs, for example, one of those "others." But deep down, you knew it was inevitable that other to enter their world.

In the social and economic succeeded many others. Feudal system, slightly advanced from the exchange had jumped almost violently to the economy of capital, accumulating wealth, investing in various fields of endeavor, thanks to which the world is being born industrializado y uno de sus signos más profundos: la división especializada del trabajo. Los artesanos, los gremios, los vendedores de bienes, el bien mismo convertido en valor de cambio, en moneda de uso. Zapatos por monedas, ropa por monedas, casas por monedas, salud por monedas, salvación del alma en la vida eterna por monedas. Es fácilmente comprensible que la sociedad cambiaba a una velocidad que el hombre, la gente no podía igualar. Esa distancia entre uno y otro es, de nuevo, la anomia.

Un rey seguía siendo un rey, pero el burgués que lo sostenía, que subvencionaba su poder, que se beneficiaba de él, comprando tierras, negocios, companies, I knew that part of his kingdom he owed him. And the value was interested in monarchy, where he made a profit, endure. That's why I promoted, it argued, it subsidized, although it was clear that the crown did not come from any divine favor but to the coffers of the capital. An old order was maintained while another was rising. In the middle, seeing the decline of one and the slow construction of another is, again, the anomic man. Defend monarchical values, authority, divine law, but encourages the individual citizen's autonomy, secular, the law will soon be the liberal system. A regret is a man divided.

Tremendously significant, the theater, the imagery of the pre-convulsive period, propose, is repeated on the issue of crime. Before we watched the villain, the embodiment of evil character, and cathartic sense asimilábamos, sublimating it our belief in the well, mixed with pity and fear. But now we have a criminal character or exaggerated behavior, individualized "a sort of complacency fanatic" (Ibid., pg. 163). Duvignaud he points out that this is a bit of their own inherent condition of theatrical creature. "The hero of the theater tends to representation of a universal substance, suffers precisely because it is hard to assert themselves." (P. 171). Represents the "inability to overcome all desires and passions of individuals who define it." (Ibid.) Because the theater at this time (Elizabethan England, Golden Age in Spain) has "a black world, a sick world. Between man and what he wants, to be alive and wants to absorb to be fed there is no real distance. "(Ibid.) That" sociopath "as a character call today is anomic.

criminal personality is "a sign of derangement of the whole society." (p. 173) because not reflect, as seen in the same theater that was part of everyday life does not seem very fruitful. "But the disorder, neurotic element, incomprehensible acts, are characteristic of the disorders, and equally anomic signs indicating that the man was still living as outmoded values, while other social organization was out of sight. That contradiction is the anomic nature of that theater. Still need to know why the anomic disorder becomes a poetic way of knowing the world. "(Ibid.)

Jean

Duvignaud. Sociology theater. FCE, Mexico, 1966.

Chest Congestion Causes

ANOMIA

Einar Goyo Ponte

Nicolaus Copernicus (1473-1543) was an astronomer who believed in astrology because it was considered a science in the Renaissance, as it held in observation and calculation, thus allowing prediction. From 18 years he studied at the University of Krakow. And in the classes of Professor Brudzewski became fascinated by astronomy, without neglecting the philosophy, medicine and painting. He was a Renaissance man. Perhaps that is why he went to Italy and taught mathematics at Rome, with 26 years of age. Four years later he was ordained and was assigned to the city of Frauenburg in Germany.

The study of the stars and the universe was complicated by semiempirical and theological concepts, which spoke of "Music of the Spheres" of various levels of heaven, as described by Dante in Comedy, which inhabit the angels and God himself.

Copernicus wanted to see the most immediate, simpler. That suggested by the observation that the Sun and not Earth, was at the center of our solar system. It was a modest canon of provinces in the sixteenth century Poland, without instruments only and guided only by his scientific curiosity, his mathematical ability and willingness to seek truth, discovered and demonstrated to his contemporaries than the sun that , as it seems, revolves around the Earth, but this one that revolves around that. His De revolutionibus orbium caelestium , explaining the finding is without doubt one of the most important books in the history of universal science. But that letter was the product of 25 years of observation and study, but were afraid to publish it until he thought near death, fearing he was condemned as a heretic. Indeed, a year after leaving the printing, the book was banned. Years later, Galileo Galilei (1564-1642) and Johannes Kepler (1571-1630) confirmed and tried to spread the astronomical discovery that contradicted religious dogma and the Aristotelian natural system. Led, however, a time when the world assimilate the new testimony of science. That is why a Jacques Barzun (1) nonsensical to say that the influence of these scientists expelled the man in the center of the universe. Copernicus did not dare to spread their views in fear of the Church. Founded fear itself because when Galileo dared to do was jailed, tortured by the Inquisition and forced to recant publicly. Kepler better luck ran it lived on the Protestant side and after the Council of Trent, the reformers decided to defend and support the heliocentric theory and other scientific theories condemned by the Catholic Church. The Counter, for its part, the recluse, unsuccessfully, to cabinet heresies.

Galileo Galilei

On the criterion of Barzun, it is important to make the difference that although most public did not understand or support the theory of Copernicus, Galileo, its influence among intellectuals and scholars (philosophers, scientists, poets, playwrights, etc.) had set happily. Therefore, in the modern mind of man of the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries, Earth was round, was no longer the center of the universe after the discovery of America Philippines, and travel around the world of Magellan and Elcano, Europe was no longer the center of the world either. And the truth, as we saw in the text of the Reformation, was no longer unique. The man lived in a world far different from the ancient Greeks and Romans, a more enlightened and wise than the dark Middle Ages, but the imaginary cult of the time he showed an eccentric space, a smaller planet in a mechanically rotating awesome and infinite universe suddenly, and on a continent and a culture that was beginning to face the possibility of ceasing to be hegemonic.

The new world was not America but the question that had no God to help resolve it.

Modern man still at the center of the universe, yes. But suddenly left alone.

(1) Barzun, Jacques. From dawn to decadence. Madrid. Taurus-Santillana. 2001. (P. 302)

Berger Paint Color Sample

Counter

Einar Goyo

Ponte


"When the son of a miner of Saxony, Luther, Lhuder, Lutter, Luther or Lotharius, as it was variously known, nailed his Ninety-five Theses on the door of the church All Saints in Wittenberg (the same city in which University would study imagines William Shakespeare Hamlet) on October 31, 1517, the last thing he wanted was to split the church, Catholic (= universal), and split the world into opposing camps "(Barzun, 2001). Nail thesis was common practice among the clergy, but soon was surprised how fast that they circulated and forwarded to the output. Luther

then said "just wanted to clarify the truth about the sacrament of penance" in the context-rather alarming for a mind-XXI century the practice of the sale of "indulgences", a sort of reserve small plot in Purgatory, which traded with the Church at that time. Luther was of course opposed this practice and judged that the only treasure of the Church should be Gospel.

Luther's arguments took three years to be discussed in the Papacy of Leo X, to conclude calling them heretics. Meanwhile Luther radicalized his position: "Every man is a priest," said, because "the Christian is a free man, master of all things, is not subject to anyone."

is the top extreme, but consistent, absolutely expected of all cultural movement, philosophical, ideological and aesthetic that marked the Renaissance, which put the man in the middle of all the questions, anxieties, quests, adventures, proposals and treatises. So Luther's theses are a consequence of the tremendous and grave consequences that triggered the Renaissance to us, the inhabitants of modernity and postmodernity. Luther himself glimpsed the future when he tried to qualify his initial proposal and said: "The Christian is a obedient servant is subjected to all. " But publicly burned the papal bull condemning 41 of his 95 theses. Then set about translating the New Testament into German original vulgar. If the Gospels were read throughout the world, this would eventually prove him right. That is why the Protestants call "evangelicals." And technically he did. The controversy spread throughout Europe. Protestants and Catholics argued answered.

Jacques Barzun says, "What was, in fact, what was in the" head and members of the Church that people wanted to delete? First, the "corruption" as always: rich greedy monks in abbeys, absentee bishops, priests with concubines, and others. But the moral debasement concealed a deeper failure: he had lost the sense of the papers. The priest, instead of being a teacher, was ignorant monk, far from helping to save the world with their devotion, was an idle speculator, the bishop, instead of monitoring the care of the souls of his diocese, was a politician and businessman. Perhaps here and there would be a pious and learned man, with what would prove to goodness it was not impossible. But too often the bishop was a boy of twelve, whose influential family was provided with time for your future happiness. The system was corrupted. This had been said time and again, yet the old shell was immovable. When people accept futility and the absurd as normal, the culture is decadent. "(P. 40)

Luther is excommunicated, but his followers kept him faithful. He married a nun and preached his refusal to celibacy, arguing with quotations from the Old Testament. Monarchs who had tired of their wives found the panacea to rest and try again. Henry VIII, in England, supported them to do it 6 times. Catholics saw confirmed his thesis of the Lutheran heresy.

Followers Luther founded the Reformed Church or Lutheran or Evangelical. Rome is based not on the divided and fractious Italian then, but the greatest empire of the moment: the Spain of Charles I, also V, of Germany, the land of Luther. Thus born the Counter and repression, torture, bonfires and censorship of the Inquisition. The Counter triumphs in the sense that reform can not oust the Catholic and marginalizes specific regions of Europe. However, it fails to prevent religious schism. To impose their Olympic quest marital, Henry VIII change the religion to a nation and create Anglicanism and not be born and the Church, but Protestant churches.

The actual result was not that the theocentrism had disintegrated completely, but Western man had to learn, despite himself, which in harmony, that truth was no longer a and absolute. Believing he was not so easy. The dogma was not unique. Had more than one church, more than a doctrine, more than a way of praying, and suddenly many ways to see God. Which was equivalent, compared to medieval thinking and feeling, that in less than a century, between 1517 and 1546, Western man had been without God. At least no one who had been accustomed to meet.
And that would not be the only loss.

Barzun, Jacques (2001). From dawn to decadence . Madrid. Taurus.